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Income tax

Income Tax is charged on earnings from employment or self-employment, most pensions and state benefits, rental income (unless covered by the Rent a Room Scheme), employment benefits, trust income, and savings interest or dividends above the relevant allowances.

Income Tax is not charged on income within allowances, including the first £1,000 from self-employment or property, income from ISAs and other tax-exempt accounts, dividends within the dividend allowance, certain state benefits, Premium Bond or Lottery winnings, and rent from a lodger below the Rent a Room limit.

Individuals' income (Note 1) 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026 2026/2027
Starting rate of 0% for savings up to ... (Note 2) £5,000 £5,000 £5,000 £5,000
Basic rate of 20% on income £37,700 £37,700 £37,700 £37,700
Higher rate of 40% on income £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140
Additional rate of 45% on income Over £125,140 Over £125,140 Over £125,140 Over £125,140

Note 1: The thresholds shown assume the standard personal allowance applies. The personal allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 that an individual’s adjusted net income exceeds £100,000. Different income tax rates and thresholds apply to non-savings and non-dividend income for Scottish and Welsh taxpayers.

Note 2: Savings income of up to £5,000 is taxed at 0% where taxable non-savings income does not exceed £5,000. This £5,000 starting rate band is expected to remain unchanged until at least April 2031.

Individuals' income - Scotish Rates (Note 1) 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026
Starting rate of 19% on income up to ... £2,162 £2,306 £2,827
Basic rate of 20% on income £2,163 - £13,118 £2,307 - £13,991 £2,828 - £14,921
Intermediate rate of 21% on income £13,119 - £31,092 £13,992 - £31,092 £13,922 - £31,092
Higher rate of 41% on income - - -
Higher rate of 42% on income £31,093 - £125,140 £31,093 - £62,430 £31,093 - £62,430
Advance rate of 45% on income - £62,431 - £125,140 £62,431 - £125,140
Top rate of 46% on income over - - -
Top rate of 47% on income over £125,140 - -
Top rate of 48% on income over - £125,140 £125,140

1. The thresholds shown assume the standard personal allowance applies. The personal allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 that an individual’s adjusted net income exceeds £100,000. Different income tax rates and thresholds apply to non-savings and non-dividend income for Scottish and Welsh taxpayers.

Individuals' income - Welsh Rates (Note 1) 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026
Basic rate of 20% on income £37,700 £37,700 £37,700
Higher rate of 40% on income £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140
Additional rate of 45% on income Over £125,140 Over £125,140 Over £125,140

1. The thresholds shown assume the standard personal allowance applies. The personal allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 that an individual’s adjusted net income exceeds £100,000. Different income tax rates and thresholds apply to non-savings and non-dividend income for Scottish and Welsh taxpayers.

Dividends 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026 2026/2027
Basic rate tax payers 8.75% 8.75% 8.75% 10.75%
Higher rate tax payers 33.75% 33.75% 33.75% 35.75%
Additional rate tax payers 39.35% 39.35% 39.35% 39.35%
Trusts 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026 2026/2027
Trust rate 45.00% 45.00% 45.00% 10.75%
Trust rate on first £1,000 (Note 3/4) "20%
(8.75%)" N/A N/A N/A
Trust rate on dividends 39.35% 39.35% 39.35% 39.35%

3. The tax rate within this band depends on the type of income. For example, in 2026/27, the rate is 10.75% for dividend income and 20% for all other income.

4. From 2024/25, the default basic rate and dividend ordinary rate that previously applied to the first £1,000 of discretionary trust income have been removed. Trusts do not pay income tax if total trust income does not exceed £500. Where a settlor has multiple current trusts, this £500 allowance is divided between them, subject to a minimum allowance of £100 per trust.

Individuals' income (Note 1) 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026 2026/2027
Starting rate of 0% for savings up to ... (Note 2) £5,000 £5,000 £5,000 £5,000
Basic rate of 20% on income £37,700 £37,700 £37,700 £37,700
Higher rate of 40% on income £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140
Additional rate of 45% on income Over £125,140 Over £125,140 Over £125,140 Over £125,140

1. The thresholds shown assume the standard personal allowance applies. The personal allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 that an individual’s adjusted net income exceeds £100,000. Different income tax rates and thresholds apply to non-savings and non-dividend income for Scottish and Welsh taxpayers.

2. Savings income of up to £5,000 is taxed at 0% where taxable non-savings income does not exceed £5,000. This £5,000 starting rate band is expected to remain unchanged until at least April 2031.

Individuals' income - Scotish Rates (Note 1) 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026
Starting rate of 19% on income up to ... £2,162 £2,306 £2,827
Basic rate of 20% on income £2,163 - £13,118 £2,307 - £13,991 £2,828 - £14,921
Intermediate rate of 21% on income £13,119 - £31,092 £13,992 - £31,092 £13,922 - £31,092
Higher rate of 41% on income - - -
Higher rate of 42% on income £31,093 - £125,140 £31,093 - £62,430 £31,093 - £62,430
Advance rate of 45% on income - £62,431 - £125,140 £62,431 - £125,140
Top rate of 46% on income over - - -
Top rate of 47% on income over £125,140 - -
Top rate of 48% on income over - £125,140 £125,140

1. The thresholds shown assume the standard personal allowance applies. The personal allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 that an individual’s adjusted net income exceeds £100,000. Different income tax rates and thresholds apply to non-savings and non-dividend income for Scottish and Welsh taxpayers.

Individuals' income - Welsh Rates (Note 1) 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026
Basic rate of 20% on income £37,700 £37,700 £37,700
Higher rate of 40% on income £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140 £37,501 - £125,140
Additional rate of 45% on income Over £125,140 Over £125,140 Over £125,140

1. The thresholds shown assume the standard personal allowance applies. The personal allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 that an individual’s adjusted net income exceeds £100,000. Different income tax rates and thresholds apply to non-savings and non-dividend income for Scottish and Welsh taxpayers.

Dividends 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026 2026/2027
Basic rate tax payers 8.75% 8.75% 8.75% 10.75%
Higher rate tax payers 33.75% 33.75% 33.75% 35.75%
Additional rate tax payers 39.35% 39.35% 39.35% 39.35%
Trusts 2023/2024 2024/2025 2025/2026 2026/2027
Trust rate 45.00% 45.00% 45.00% 10.75%
Trust rate on first £1,000 (Note 1/2) "20%
(8.75%)" N/A N/A N/A
Trust rate on dividends 39.35% 39.35% 39.35% 39.35%

1. The tax rate within this band depends on the type of income. For example, in 2026/27, the rate is 10.75% for dividend income and 20% for all other income.

2. From 2024/25, the default basic rate and dividend ordinary rate that previously applied to the first £1,000 of discretionary trust income have been removed. Trusts do not pay income tax if total trust income does not exceed £500. Where a settlor has multiple current trusts, this £500 allowance is divided between them, subject to a minimum allowance of £100 per trust.